ABSTRACT
The present report aimed to perform a molecular epidemiological survey by investigating the presence of virulence factors in E. faecalis isolated from different human clinical (n = 57) and food samples (n = 55) in Porto Alegre, Brazil, collected from 2006 to 2009. In addition, the ability to form biofilm in vitro on polystyrene and the β-haemolytic and gelatinase activities were determined. Clinical strains presented a higher prevalence of aggregation substance (agg), enterococcal surface protein (esp) and cytolysin (cylA) genes when compared with food isolates. The esp gene was found only in clinical strains. On the other hand, the gelatinase (gelE) and adherence factor (ace) genes had similar prevalence among the strains, showing the widespread occurrence of these virulence factors among food and clinical E. faecalis strains in South Brazil. More than three virulence factor genes were detected in 77.2% and 18.2% of clinical and food strains, respectively. Gelatinase and β-haemolysin activities were not associated with the presence of gelE and cylA genes. The ability to produce biofilm was detected in 100% of clinical and 94.6% of food isolates, and clinical strains were more able to form biofilm than the food isolates (Student's t-test, p < 0.01). Results from the statistical analysis showed significant associations between strong biofilm formation and ace (p = 0.015) and gelE (p = 0.007) genes in clinical strains. In conclusion, our data indicate that E. faecalis strains isolated from clinical and food samples possess distinctive patterns of virulence factors, with a larger number of genes that encode virulence factors detected in clinical strains.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Enterococcus faecalis/genetics , Food Microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Virulence Factors/genetics , Brazil , Biofilms/growth & development , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecalis/physiology , Gelatinases/analysis , HemolysisABSTRACT
The ability of antibiotic resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from food to form biofilm at different temperatures in the absence or presence of 0.75% glucose was evaluated. A synergistic effect on biofilm at 10 °C, 28 °C, 37 °C and 45 °C and glucose was observed for E. faecalis and E. faecium.
Subject(s)
Biofilms/growth & development , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Enterococcus faecalis/physiology , Enterococcus faecium/physiology , Food Microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecalis/radiation effects , Enterococcus faecium/drug effects , Enterococcus faecium/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecium/radiation effects , Glucose/metabolism , Polystyrenes , TemperatureABSTRACT
Realizamos um estudo, em 18 pacientes, nas quais foram realizadas 19 reconstruções de placas aréolo-mamilares. O intervalo entre a reconstrução da mama e reconstrução do CAM variou entre 3 meses e 1 ano. Utilizamos a técnica do retalho retangular para reconstruir o mamilo e a tatuagem para a aréola. Avaliando os resultados, observamos que foram ótimos, quanto à manutenção da projeção do mamilo, em 84,2 dos casos, sendo que 3 casos necessitaram de reintervenção. Quanto à aréola, 6 casos foram submetidos à nova sessão de tatuagem, enquanto em 68,4 dos casos o resultado primário foi excelente.
This study was performed in 18 patients, with 19 nipple-areolar complex reconstruction. The interval between breast mound and nipple-areolar reconstruction ranged from 3 months to 1 year. We had used the re- tangular flap to reconstruction of the nipple and tatoo to remake the areola. Observing the final results, we found out excellent nipple projection im 84,2 of the cases (three cases needed reconstruction). In aréola, 6 cases needed to be retatooing, while in 68,4, the results were excellent.